Male Infertility Problems
The levels of male sex hormones are regulated by a series of glands and their hormones. The pituitary gland in the brain influences hormone production in the testicles under the guidance of the hypothalamus. A relatively uncommon cause of male infertility is the failure to make enough of the hormone gonadotropin.
The pituitary gland in the brain releases hormones called gonadotropins, which stimulate the testicles to produce sperm. In a small number of cases, male infertility is caused by insufficient levels of these gonadotropins. Taking these hormones as medication may boost sperm production.
Male infertility problems
Functional problems causing infertility in men
Functional problems that can cause or contribute to male infertility include:
- Impotence – the inability to get or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse
- Ejaculation problems – retrograde (when semen enters the bladder instead of emerging through the penis) and premature ejaculation
- Problems with the testicles – caused by injury, infection, or chemotherapy
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- Prostatectomy – side effects of the surgical removal of the prostate gland, including infertility, impotence, and incontinence
- Certain disorders –multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and other disorders can cause erection and ejaculation difficulties
- Antibodies – the man’s immune system makes antibodies that hinder the activity of sperm, such as reducing the sperm’s ability to latch onto his partner’s egg.
The major causes of male infertility are:
- Obstructions to the passage of sperm
- Problems with sperm (such as low sperm count)
- Functional problems (such as impotence)
- Hormonal problems.
Obstructions causing infertility in men
Sperm are made in the testicles, then they spend two to ten days passing through a series of small tubes called the epididymis where they mature and exit into a larger tube called the vas deferens. The vas deferens empty the sperm into the ejaculatory duct, where they are mixed with seminal fluid from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland.
During ejaculation, muscular contractions force the semen into the urethra and out of the penis. Blockages or absences of tubes (including the vas deferens) are the cause of around one in three cases of male infertility. Blockages or absences of tubes may be due to vasectomy or injury.
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